Though viewed from a distance, Saturn's main rings may appear to be smooth and continuous, they are in fact composed of thousands of separate icy ringlets when viewed up close.


Though viewed from a distance, Saturn's main rings may appear to be smooth and continuous, they are in fact composed of thousands of separate icy ringlets when viewed up close.
Though Saturn's main rings may appear smooth and continuous when viewed from a distance, they are in fact composed of thousands of separate icy ringlets when viewed up close.
Saturn's main rings, when viewed from a distance, may appear to be smooth and continuous, though when viewed up close they are in fact composed of thousands of separate icy ringlets.
When viewed from a distance, Saturn's main rings may appear smooth and continuous, but closer viewing reveals them to be composed of thousands of separate icy ringlets.
Though composed of thousands of separate icy ringlets if viewed up close, the main rings of Saturn may appear smooth and continuous when they are viewed from a distance.
The original sentence introduces the main clause with "though viewed from a distance", which establilshes the expectation of a contradiction that never materializes. For example, "Though sleepy, the child stayed awake" is correct, whereas "Though sleepy, the child may have eaten soup" is not. Also, "when viewed up close" is placed in such a way as to illogically suggest that the rings are composed of icy ringlets as a result of being viewed up close. Finally, "appear to be" is redundant.


(A) This choice is incorrect as it repeats the original sentence.

(B) This choice incorrectly introduces the main clause with "though." Additionally, the placement of "when viewed up close" illogically suggests that the rings are composed of icy ringlets as a result of being viewed up close.

(C) This choice incorrectly uses the redundant phrase "appears to be." Additionally, the use and placement of the words "when viewed up close, they are . . ." illogically suggests that the rings are composed of icy ringlets as a result of being viewed up close.

(D) CORRECT. This choice replaces "though" with "when" and shortens "appear to be" to "appear." Further, its use of the phrase "closer viewing reveals" clearly indicates that the close viewing only reveals (not causes) the composition of the rings.

(E) This choice incorrectly introduces the main clause with "though." Additionally, the placement of "if viewed up close" illogically suggests that the rings are composed of icy ringlets as a result of being viewed up close.

(B) seems to have a much better parallelism with "when"; (D) seems ungrammatical at least as far as parallelism is concerned. Also, what the harm in starting (B) with "Though", thats correct. Finally, often the reason given in explanations here and in OG says that the meaning communicated is wrong such as here it is mentioned "the placement of "when viewed up close" illogically suggests that the rings are composed of icy ringlets as a result of being viewed up close.
". I never get this. Such problems can often be picked out even in correct answer choices, how does one find such errors.

Can you pls elaborate?[/i]

Rahul,

Thanks for posting the entire question and answer choices. To save yourself some time, you do not have to also post the explanations for each answer choice. However, if the explanations pertain to your question, by all means include them.

Let me speak broadly first, and then I'll focus on this particular question. Generally, sentence correction questions must be evaluated on two distinct levels: proper grammar and clarity of meaning. Proper grammar definitely trumps clarity of meaning. In other words, if an answer choice contains a provable grammatical error it can NEVER be the correct answer to a sentence correction question. Once certain (or as certain as possible) that no grammatical errors are present, clarity of meaning must be considered. When an answer choice lacks logical sense or diverges too greatly from the intended meaning of the original sentence, it too can frequently be eliminated.

This process of evaluating clarity of meaning is often very difficult for students, since it does not deal with provable errors. In fact, sometimes one is forced to choose between two seemingly imperfect answer choices. When doing so, the skill is to choose the "less bad" answer (I like to call it "the cream of the crap" :))

In the problem at hand, answer choice (B), though parallel (I agree with you that the use of though is fine in this choice), lacks logical sense. By stating they are in fact composed of thousands of separate icy ringlets when viewed up close, the answer choice is indicating that the composition of Saturn's rings literally changes when the rings are viewed up close. Answer choice (D), the best answer, corrects this problem by stating closer viewing reveals them to be composed of thousands of separate icy ringlets. This indicates that the rings are already composed of icy ringlets, but the rings' composition is not obvious until the rings are viewed from up close.

I hope this makes sense!
-dan

Hi Dan, thanx for the reply. I totally agree on the logical sense part of (D) being better than that of (B).
But like you said, clarity of meaning is a lesser priority than grammar. So he violation of parallelism and the passive structure (highly frowned upon in the GMAT), make (D) gramatically wrong. And wont that supercede clarity of meaning leading to elimination of (D).