1.
'…..could mean less lending by….. and increasing the pressure…..'
Here I understand increasing is a participle and increasing the pressure is a phrase. So it is not parallel to less lending. As per OG increasing (participle) introduces a phrase. To me in this sentence placement of ‘the’ makes it a phrase. Does ing form always act as a participle. It can act as adjective too. Please correct me if I’m wrong here.

Could mean less lending by….. and increasing pressure…..
Is not increasing here acting as adjective. What is wrong in this construction? It looks parallel to me.

Could mean less lending by….. and the increasing pressure…..
What is the problem here? I agree ‘the’ indicates something is mentioned before. If we ignore that will it be a correct construction i.e. parallel to less lending.

Could mean less lending by….. and increased pressure…..
This is the correct answer.

I hope I could put my question properly. Thanks.

hi -

two things:

(1) you absolutely cannot post fragments of problems (or, more properly, fragments of fragments of problems) like this
without context, it's impossible for us to give meaningful feedback on these problems.
please POST THE ENTIRE PROBLEM, INCLUDING ANSWER CHOICES, for these problems. not only must you do this for the problem to make any sense, but these are also the forum rules.

(2) please post each of these problems in a different thread, and post your questions along with each of the problems.

thanks!

[deleted - OG problem]

yeah, no, you can't post OG problems here. in fact, you shouldn't even post fragments of OG problems.

if the OG problems have also appeared in the GMATPREP software, then you can post them in their entirety.
this is the GMATPREP folder, of course, so you shouldn't be posting anything in this folder that isn't from the GMATPREP software.

--

if you want to post an OG question, here's the best thing you can do:

* write a "spiral" of that question (= a question whose literal content is different, but which revolves around the same principles and tests the same topics)
the easiest way to do this is to use exactly the same sentence (or as close as you can get), but change all the words. in other words, don't leave any of the substantive words (nouns, verbs, etc.) the same, unless you're testing specific idioms.

* post your new spiral problem IN THE GENERAL VERBAL FOLDER, not here. this folder is for GMATPREP PROBLEMS ONLY.

thank you.

Ron,

Sorry for any inconvenience caused. I did not put these Q's intentionally in this folder. I was in general verbal Q folder.While searching for some Q I entered in this folder without my knowledge. However, this Q which is part of OG also appears in the power prep s/w. So I guess now there should not be any problem with this Q. I've the snaps with me. I can upload it as proof. So again I'm putting the Q back. I really appreciate all your detailed replies.


The decision by one of the nation's largest banks to admit to $3 billion in potential losses on foreign loans could mean less lending by commercial banks to developing countries and increasing the pressure on multigovernment lenders to supply the funds.
(A) increasing the pressure
(B) the increasing pressure
(C) increased pressure
(D) the pressure increased
(E) the pressure increasing

'…..could mean less lending by….. and increasing the pressure…..'
Here I understand increasing is a participle and increasing the pressure is a phrase. So it is not parallel to less lending. As per OG increasing (participle) introduces a phrase. To me in this sentence placement of ‘the’ makes it a phrase. Does ing form always act as a participle. It can act as adjective too. Please correct me if I’m wrong here.

Could mean less lending by….. and increasing pressure…..
Is not increasing here acting as adjective. What is wrong in this construction? It looks parallel to me.

Could mean less lending by….. and the increasing pressure…..
What is the problem here? I agree ‘the’ indicates something is mentioned before. If we ignore that will it be a correct construction i.e. parallel to less lending.

Could mean less lending by….. and increased pressure…..
This is the correct answer.

I hope I could put my question properly. Thanks.

Ron,

Can you please reply to this one please....

and comment on this post.

http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/posting.php?mode=post&f=2

if you say increasing pressure, then "increasing" is an adjective, modifying the noun "pressure".
if you say increasing THE pressure, then this is a participial phrase. (here "increasing" is disqualified from being counted as an adjective, because adjectives can't precede "a/an/the".)



that would be fine, since "less lending" and "increasing pressure" are both adjective + noun.

however, this is not one of the answer choices.

choice (a) contains increasing THE pressure, which is nonparallel to "less lending" for the reasons specified above.



correct.
"the" is the only problem here. but it's a substantial problem.



yes.

But Ron isn't less lending (adjective + -ing form ) a complex gerund, which can only be parallel to other complex gerund, in this case, the increasing pressure on government (the/a/an + -ing form + preposition -other complex gerund-)

Please advice where am I committing a mistake ??

i'm sorry, but i don't know what a "complex gerund" is.
in any case, the analysis here isn't correct; the second part ("the increasing pressure...") is an ADJ + NOUN construction. in that construction, "increasing" is an adjective, not a gerund, and it modifies the noun "pressure".