Stymieing the Armada’s plans to meet up with the Duke of Parma’s army off the coast of Flanders in the Spanish Netherlands, the reason for the defeat of the Spanish Armada was not only due to gale winds that favored the British but also the sacrificing of eight war ships as “fireships,” vessels filled with pitch, brimstone, gunpowder, and tar and sent downwind toward the closely-anchored Spanish fleet.


A. Stymieing the Armada’s plans to meet up with the Duke of Parma’s army off the coast of Flanders in the Spanish Netherlands, the reason for the defeat of the Spanish Armada was not only due to gale winds that favored the British but also the sacrificing

B. The defeat of the Spanish Armada, which stymied the Armada’s plans to meet up with the Duke of Parma’s army off the coast of Flanders in the Spanish Netherlands, was not only due to gale winds that favored the British but also the sacrificing

C. The defeat of the Spanish Armada, which stymied the Armada’s plans to meet up with the Duke of Parma’s army off the coast of Flanders in the Spanish Netherlands, was not only due to gale winds that favored the British but also due to the sacrificing

D. Stymieing the Armada’s plans to meet up with the Duke of Parma’s army off the coast of Flanders in the Spanish Netherlands, the reason for the defeat of the Spanish Armada was not only gale winds that favored the British but also the sacrifice

E. Stymieing the Armada’s plans to meet up with the Duke of Parma’s army off the coast of Flanders in the Spanish Netherlands, the defeat of the Spanish Armada was due not only to gale winds that favored the British but also to the sacrifice

Any update???

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Tim Sanders
Manhattan GMAT Instructor

In C and E, NOT ONLY .... BUT ALSO is correctly used. I think you are looking at only this aspect.

In choice C, WHICH is modifying Spanish Armada but it is not the intended meaning i.e. Spanish Armada didn't stymie the Armada’s plans but defeat did.

Also, due to the sacrificing in choice C doesn't sound okay to me. Please correct me in case I am wrong.

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still need a source before we can help with this one..

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Tim Sanders
Manhattan GMAT Instructor

Manhattan Staff - It's from one of your CAT.

cool. everyone, please make sure you are posting questions in the appropriate folders of the forum (we have a separate folder for our CAT questions). let us know if there are any further questions on this one..

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Tim Sanders
Manhattan GMAT Instructor